, The decrease in numbers of sentences in 2020 is mainly a result of court closures due to COVID-19 lockdown restrictions. People from a Black, Asian, 'Mixed' or 'Chinese and other' background were over-represented as defendants in the criminal justice system in 2019, according to Ministry of Justice (MoJ) data. Of children, 4 to 6% were reported as being victims in Black, Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnic groups. The guilty plea rate (GPR) of defendants who were committed for trial at Crown Court increased across all ethnic groups from 2018-2020. Where changes to data systems or data quality issues do not allow for this, trends have been presented for the longest periods possible. The latest figures on Police Stop and Search show that black people are now nine times more likely than white people to be stopped and searched by the police.. Asian individuals had the highest proportion of fines given, at 23%, in comparison to White individuals (16%). 735 754-19 947-212. , Crime higher concerns legal representation in the Crown Court and above. The number of stop and searches carried out by police has risen by 24% to almost 700,000 in a single year, with officers using the tactic on the . The highest proportion of offender with SEN with statement was highest for the White ethnic group (18%) and the highest proportion of offenders with SEN without statement was highest for the Other ethnic group (68%)[footnote 76]. The overall custody rate for drug offences has increased from 21% in 2016 to 25% in 2020. This trend varied by ethnic group and reduction in the number of arrests was more pronounced for White (-35%) and Black (-33%) children. The areas of focus include: Victimisation; Police Activity; Defendants and Court Outcomes; Offender Management; Offender Characteristics; Offence Analysis; and Practitioners. You have a 1 in 60.4 chance of being the victim of a violent crime in Cleveland each year. Five-year trends have been presented wherever possible. ACSL was consistently lower for White defendants from 2016 to 2020, at 19.6 months in 2020, compared to 28.6 for Asian defendants (46% longer), 26.8 for Black defendants (37% longer), and 24.4 for both defendants of Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnicity groups (25% longer). Email: CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk, Alternative formats are available on request from ESD@justice.gov.uk, Population estimates for 2016 as provided in data accompanying the Research report on population estimates by ethnic group and religion. (These statistics are from the Ministry of Justice, 2013). Dont include personal or financial information like your National Insurance number or credit card details. Figure 6.05: Requirements commenced under community orders and suspended sentence orders by ethnicity and requirement, England and Wales, 2020. Will McMahon and Rebecca Roberts consider ethnicity, harm and crime. Police officers: The proportion of White practitioners is highest for police officers of all the CJS organisations at 92.4%[footnote 94]. In 2020, a higher proportion of prosecutions of Black and Mixed defendants were against children, 12% and 14% respectively, compared to 5% of White defendants[footnote 63]. , For 2014/15, following SEN reforms, SEN pupils are categorised as SEN with a statement or Education, health and care (EHC) plan and SEN support. The latest release is ' Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2020 '. , Senior roles are as follows: CPS - Senior Legal Manager and Senior Civil Servant; MoJ Senior Civil Servant; HMPPS - Senior Civil Servant; Police - Chief Inspector, Superintendent, Chief Superintendent, and Chief Officers; Judiciary High Court Judges, Heads of Division and Lord Justices of Appeal. In 2020, the custody rate was relatively stable across ethnic groups, between 24 and 26%. As such, the homicide data in this chapter will not be related to population numbers[footnote 16]. These data are based on the ONS headcount specification and may differ from other published figures due to differing specifications. * Possession (Class B, cannabis) No causative links can be drawn from these summary statistics. Black and minority ethnic (BAME) households in the UK are over twice as likely to live in poverty as their white counterparts . In contrast, despite White prisoners making up 73% of the entire prison population, only 47% of prisoners aged under 18 were White. Include a detailed revisions policy within every release. When defendants appear in court, they have the right to either speak for themselves, or to be represented and to have someone with legal expertise speak on their behalf. If you would like any crime related information in the future, you can email CrimeStatistics@ons.gov.uk and we will endeavour to help. Children from minority ethnic groups accounted for two thirds (66%) of arrests of children made in London in in 2020/21. , In 2018/19 Lancashire, Warwickshire and West Mercia stated that new IT systems and/or processes had led to changes in recording of detentions under section 136 of the Mental Health Act. This was largely because people from these ethnic groups made up a disproportionate share of people arrested, and this carried through to the . The total prison population in England and Wales was 79,000 on 30th June 2020, the lowest in 14 years. In accordance with Principle 2 of the Code of Practice for Official Statistics, the Ministry of Justice is required to publish transparent guidance on its policy for revisions. To allow users to assess the confidence they have in the data we are using, levels of missing or unreported ethnicity are reported throughout. Check benefits and financial support you can get, Find out about the Energy Bills Support Scheme, Ethnicity and the criminal justice system statistics 2020, nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3, Police powers and procedures: Stop and search and arrests, England and Wales, year ending 31 March 2021, Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2020 publication, Offender Management statistics quarterly publication, Research report on population estimates by ethnic group and religion, https://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/code-of-practice/, Crime in England and Wales: year ending March 2020, Homicide in England and Wales - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk), Criminal justice system statistics quarterly: December 2020 - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk), Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England 2014/15 (Revised). Figure 8.05: Sentencing outcomes for all drug offences, 2020, England and Wales. 11/1/2011 10/1/2011 11/1/2010. This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. Asian prisoners, on average, served the smallest proportion of their original sentence, serving 58% of their determinate sentence in custody in 2020; a trend that has remained stable since 2016. That's 327.21% higher than the national rate of 387.8 per 100,000 people. When offence mix was controlled for, a decrease in ACSL was seen for all ethnic groups, closer to that of the White ethnic group. Being suspended can involve a part of the school day and it does not have to be for a continuous period. Arrest Statistics by Ethnicity. , Offences recorded as homicide as at 15 December 2020; figures are subject to revision as cases are dealt with by the police and by the courts, or as further information becomes available. In 2020, of all defendants remanded in custody for indictable offences at Crown Court, 77% were sentenced to immediate custody; an increase from 72% in 2016. These research outputs are not official statistics. When a suspect is formally charged, they are brought before a magistrates court (as a defendant) as soon as possible. Main facts and figures. , The Rehabilitation Activity Requirement was introduced in 2014 under the Offender Rehabilitation Act and requires the offender to attend appointments and participate in activities selected by their responsible officer to support their rehabilitation and reduce reoffending. In 2020, White defendants had the highest guilty plea rate for sexual offences, at 95%. Some Sociologists have suggested that cultural differences, especially differences in family life, may be responsible for underlying differences in offending between ethnic groups. , Data are self-declared from Home Office, as at March 2021, some small discrepancies may result from revisions of data for previous years compared to figures here. In certain instances, data has been used for years that are not impacted by restrictions but in place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the racism in America has been between the whites against the blacks and . , A first-time offender is an offender who has been arrested by the police in England and Wales and has received a first conviction, caution or youth caution for any offence recorded on the Police National Computer. This article presents research into a method for producing population estimates by ethnic group and by religion, combining Annual Population Survey (APS) and census data. In addition, the annual report from the Head of Profession to the National Statistician will: Provide information on how many revisions were required to our publications and the reasons for these. , Children includes individuals aged up to 17 and adults includes individuals aged 18 and over. These decreases are mainly due to court restrictions as a result of COVID-19^59]. SEN support replaces school action and school action plus but some pupils remain with these provision types in first year of transition. Individuals with an unknown or not stated ethnicity are not included in the analysis, because it is impossible to tell where they should be counted. Therefore, users should be careful when comparing cohort 2015/16 and earlier to subsequent annual figures. 178 300 sexual violence crimes in the EU in 2020, a stop in a growing trend. 13.2% of the UK prison population is black compared with their being 2.8% of the over 15 population. Higher proportions of staff and practitioners in more senior roles were White for all organisations, when compared to the ethnic breakdowns of less senior staff[footnote 100]. The custody rate for White children was consistently lower than for Black children (by 3 to 5 percentage points, pp) between 2016 and 2020. The British Crime Survey found that most crimes go unreported and found that the risk of being a victim varies by ethnic group, whereby statistics showed that people from mixed ethnic backgrounds had a higher risk (36%) of becoming a victim of rime than blacks, Asians and whites faced. Mixed ethnicity suspects had the highest proportion of stop and searches in which the outcome was linked (25%) compared to all other ethnic groups, these ranged from 21% to 22%. Figure 6.04: Outcomes of Parole Board hearings, year ending March 2021, England and Wales, by ethnicity. In 2019/20, the CSEW estimated that 4% of adults were a victim of a personal crime on one or more occasions. This trend has fluctuated across recent years, with the Mixed ethnic group having the highest ACSL in 2019 (at 71.4 months), and the Chinese or Other group having the lowest (at 46.7 months). pleasant grove high school / staff directory; dr omar suleiman wife esraa; ontario road trip summer; song baseball apple; waltham athletic club tennis schedule; ethnicity and crime statistics uk 2020. On the basis of self-report studies, Graham and Bowling (1995) concluded that people from certain ethnic backgrounds like Black (43%) and White (44%) had similar crime rates, whereas others like Asians had comparatively lower crime rates - Indians (30%), Pakistanis (28%), and Bangladeshis (13%). , Pupils at the end of Key Stage 4 are typically aged 15 and 16; please see A Technical Guide to Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System, 2020 for further details. Figure 5.04: RRI of remands in custody at Crown Court, 2016-2020, England and Wales. , Offence groups from this chapter are not directly comparable to offence groups from the MoJ Court Proceedings database see technical guide for further details, Ethnicity coverage is more complete for triable either way and indictable only offences. These data can be found in our Crime in England and Wales: year ending September 2020 release. Figure 3.02: Homicides currently recorded by location of homicide and ethnic appearance of victim: England and Wales, combined data for 2017/18 to 2019/20. The areas of focus include: Victimisation, Police Activity, Defendants and Court Outcomes, Offender Management, Offender Characteristics, Offence Analysis, and Practitioners. In 2020, the custody rate was highest for the Chinese or Other ethnic group, at 64% and lowest for the Mixed ethnic group at 48%. The largest change in the proportion of staff was a 1.2 pp increase in the Asian ethnic group[footnote 93]. . The publication aims to help practitioners, policy makers, academics and members of the public understand outcomes and trends for different ethnic groups in the CJS in England and Wales. The ACSL for sexual offences varied by ethnic group. Between 2017/18 and 2019/20, almost half (49%) of homicide victims aged 15 to 17 and 37% of victims aged 18 to 20 were from the Black ethnic group. In 2020/21, three quarters (77%) of stop and searches resulted in the principal outcome no further action[footnote 31]. Asian and mixed‐race people are also over‐represented in the prison population; yet white people who represent 88.3% of the population only make up 73.8% of the prison population. Figure 5.03: Proportions of remand status by ethnic groups at Crown Court, 2020, England and Wales. We have crudely attempted to control for different offence mixes across ethnic groups by applying a similar pattern of offences being sentenced across all ethnic groups, fixing this to the White group. there were 7.5 stop and searches for every 1,000 white people, compared with 52.6 for every 1,000 black people. This is the largest decrease in the proportion of White practitioners of all the CJS organisations. The ACSL, for indictable offences, for male offenders has increased over the last five years for all ethnic groups. Overall, 79% of offenders who were remanded in custody at Crown Court received an immediate custodial sentence; this has increased by 13 percentage points (pp) since 2016. The reoffending rate among children was higher for the Black ethnic group at 45% and has consistently been higher over the last five years than the White (39%), Asian (35%) and Other (34%) ethnic groups. A copy of this statement can be found at: http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/mojstats/statistics-revisions-policy.pdf. Because of this, the statistics presented in this report cannot present the typical experience of a person of a particular ethnic group, but it can highlight areas where further investigation or research may be warranted when looking at differences between ethnic groups. There are various reasons why the police may carry out a stop and search, for example they may suspect an individual is carrying drugs or a weapon. The proportion of Black and Asian young offenders, sentenced to custody, achieving any pass at GCSE or 5 GCSEs A*-G was significantly higher than the proportion of White young offenders. , Data is self-declared from HR records, as at 31 December 2020. Asian and Chinese or Other[footnote 65] offenders had a higher proportion of first-time offenders at 23% and 35% respectively, compared to White and Black offenders at 16% and 14% respectively[footnote 66]. SW1H 9AJ. , Excluding unknown link and unknown whether article found, No further action includes a wide range of scenarios, such as where words of advice would be given, or an individual is detained under section 136 of the Mental Health act. , Arrests analysis excludes Lancashire as they could not supply complete data for 2017/18. In the three-year period 2017/18[footnote 13] to 2019/20, there were 1,951[footnote 14] homicides in the Home Office Homicide Index[footnote 15], where ethnicity of the victim was recorded. 9% of White people aged 75 and over feared crime, compared with 27% of Asian people in the same age group. In 2020, of prisoners whose ethnicity was known[footnote 49], 73% were White, 13% Black, 8% Asian, 5% Mixed and 1% from Other ethnic groups. Crimes involving multiple assailants, 43% of the assailants were Black, 38% were white, and 16% were Hispanic. Time spent at court increased in 2020 from previous years for all ethnic groups and offences, due to restrictions in response to COVID-19[footnote 47]. These proportions have remained broadly consistent across the last 5 years. Figure 5.08: Relative Rate Index (RRI): Defendants who entered a guilty plea per all that entered a plea at Crown Court, 2016 2020, England and Wales. However, as in previous reports, in order to present as full a picture as possible we have also included some statistics that do not have this badging where National Statistics are not held on important or new topics. Overall, of the young offenders sentenced/ cautioned, a larger proportion of Black offenders (18%) had been permanently excluded, compared to White (14%), Asian (9%) and Other (9%) offenders[footnote 79]. Of the 63,100 offenders supervised on post release licence in 2020[footnote 61], the proportions across ethnic groups remained in line with that of the previous 5 years, 76% were White, 11% Black, 7% Asian, 4% Mixed and 2% Chinese or Other ethnicities. This builds on work to improve the 2016 admin-based ethnicity statistics. There were a total of 426 homicides in London, where ethnicity of the victim was recorded, in the three-year period (2017/18 to 2019/20). 2, See technical guide for further information relating to the impact of COVID-19 on the courts. Billy Gazard, a crime statistician for the ONS, said: "We have outlined our plans for improving crime statistics for England and Wales in our July 2020 progress update. The equivalent proportion for White defendants was 27%. Between 2018 and 2021, the homicide rate for people of the black ethnic group was 50.5 homicides per million population in England and Wales, far higher than . Limitations of Current Statistical Information The police in all States and Terri-tories are a major source of crime statistics, but these statistics refer only to crimes reported to and/or detected by police. But, initially, a central strand in this debate concerned whether street gangs actually existed at all. 327.21%. Ethnicity refers to an identity based on belonging to a group defined by common cultural or national traditions. Unfortunately, we do not hold data on offences . , See Appendix I for further details of how detailed ethnicity categorisations are aggregated. In contrast, for White offenders those aged 35 to 39 had the highest proportion of offenders reoffending. Unfortunately, we do not hold police recorded crime figures on robbery or offences involving a knife or sharp instrument, by ethnic group. The largest proportionate decrease was seen in the White and Black ethnic groups (-18% and -17% respectively). ethnicity and crime statistics uk 2020ashtoreth worship practices. Figure 4.01: Numbers of stop and searches by ethnicity, England and Wales, 2016/17 to 2020/21, Comparisons between London and the rest of England and Wales. Since 2015/16 there have been statistically significant decreases in reports of victims of crimes seen in the Black (from 7 to 4%) and Asian (from 4 to 2%) ethnic groups. Figure 5.06: Relative Rate Index (RRI): The custodial sentencing rate for defendants expressed as a proportion of the of the overall sentencing rate for all defendants sentenced for indictable offences, 2016 to 2020, England and Wales. Victims were able to identify the race or ethnicity of their assailants in 86% of violent crimes. Documents fulfilling this requirement have been published since 1992, in the form of statistical reports. To meet these commitments, all of our statistical publications will: Ensure that the need for major revisions for any series are pre-announced on the Ministry of Justice website. , 2% of adults identified as intersex or did not disclose this information. The arrest rate in England and Wales for white people was nine arrests per 1,000 people in the reporting year 2021/22 while black people . Across the past 5 years, White defendants consistently had the highest guilty plea rate, at 79% in 2020, followed by defendants of the Mixed ethnic group at 73%, Chinese or Other ethnic groups at 72%, Asian at 68% and Black defendants at 66%. This was the only region in which homicide victims were more likely to be from the Black ethnic group (42%), followed by White ethnic group (40%). This chapter looks at the interaction between ethnicity, sex, age, offending history, and reoffending throughout the Criminal Justice System[footnote 62]. You can change your cookie settings at any time. Main facts and figures. For those sentenced to custody, where there are differences between groups that are statistically significant to the 95% level, this will be stated. They have been excluded from all analyses in this chapter. The proportions of ethnic groups in the prison population has remained stable across the past 5 years. In contrast, across all years (except 2017), Black prisoners have consistently served a higher proportion of their determinate sentence, at 67% in 2020. The Black ethnic group had the highest proportion of young offenders with SEN at 79%, combining SEN with statement and without statement. , All groups defined by officer-identified ethnicity classification see Appendix I. Drug offences accounted for 40% of convictions for Black offenders, 39% for Asian offenders, 32% for Mixed ethnicity offenders, 31% for Chinese or Other ethnic groups, and 19% for White offenders. This chapter reports on the trends in the composition of staff and practitioners throughout the CJS by ethnicity [footnote 90]. (FBI Table 21 Arrests by Race and Ethnicity, 2016 / archive) 2016 FBI Violent Crime Statistics This highlights that controlling for offence mix reduces the disparity between ethnic groups. This publication compiles statistics from data sources across the Criminal Justice System (CJS), to provide a combined perspective on the typical experiences of different ethnic groups. The reoffending rate for Black adult offenders was highest for 18-20 year olds at 35%. In 2020, the ethnic group with the highest ACSL for sexual offences was Black, at 67.3 months, and the lowest the Asian group at 51.6 months. In comparison to the period 2011/12 to 2013/14, homicides increased 25%, with a 4pp increase in the proportion of victims from the Black ethnic group, whilst the proportion of those from the White ethnic group decreased 6pp. The proportion of Black young offenders eligible for FSM (72%) sentenced to more than 12 months in custody was significantly higher than the proportion for White young offenders (62%). However, for White suspects, the proportion of arrests for drug offences (10%), was exceeded by the proportion of arrests for theft offences (14%). The proportion of White, Black and Asian offenders that received an oral parole hearing in the year ending March 2021 remained relatively stable with a range of 54-57% receiving a release result, 11-12% remain in open prison estate, and 30-35% refusal of release. , See Appendix II for concordance in ethnicity reporting between these sources, More information on Relative Rate Indexes can be found in the technical guide. Since 2015/16, there has been a statistically significant decrease in children reporting experience as a victim of a personal crime (down 49%). In comparison, these age groups accounted for 6% of victims from the White, 17% from Asian and 27% from Other ethnic groups. This method accounted for 69% of homicides with Black victims, but only 35% of those with White victims. Over the past five years, concordance rates[footnote 40] for immediate custodial sentences across all ethnic groups (excluding Missing/Not Stated) increased from 73% in 2016 to 90% in 2018, followed by a small decrease to 87% in 2020. Relative Rate Index (RRI) analysis for individuals dealt with at Crown Court in 2020 showed that defendants of Chinese or Other ethnic group were 28% more likely, Black defendants 23% more likely, defendants of Mixed ethnicities 19% more likely and Asian defendants 4% more likely to be remanded in custody than White defendants (Table 5.15). However, the proportion of prosecutions for these offences varies by ethnicity, as illustrated in the figure below. The Authority considers whether the statistics meet the highest standards of Code compliance, including the value they add to public decisions and debate. Please send any comments to: datausers@justice.gov.uk. Figure 7.05: Proven reoffending rate by ethnicity for adults, annual averages (2014/15 to 2018/19), England and Wales. , There is only ever one principal suspect per homicide victim. Figure 7.06: Adult reoffending rate by age group and ethnicity, April 2018 to March 2019 offender cohort, England and Wales. In 2020, the ethnic group with the highest concordance rate with their PSR for immediate custodial sentences was the Mixed ethnic group, at 89%; this has remained consistent since 2018. A larger proportion of arrests in London were for suspects from minority ethnic groups, at 55%, compared to 16% across the rest of England and Wales. Despite the large decrease in . The CSEW is a large nationally representative survey that asks people about their experience as a victim of a crime in the previous 12 months. Despite this, only 49% of prisoners from Mixed ethnic groups felt that they had been kept safe from the virus, in comparison to 65% of White prisoners. In previous publications we have made comparisons to the population using 2011 Census data. In the 2011 Census the proportion in each ethnic group was as follows: 87% White, 3% Black, 6% Asian, 2% Mixed and 2% Chinese or Other. Violent Crimes / 100k People. It offers insights into the experience of victims which other sources of data, such as police records, may not capture[footnote 9]. there were 697,405 stop and searches in England and Wales between April 2020 and March 2021, a rate of 12.4 per 1,000 people. Ethnic minority groups were more likely to be remanded in custody at Crown Court in comparison to White defendants. , Ethnicity was known in 99.7% of oral parole board hearings in the year ending March 2021. 6. Of these, 79% were White, 12% Black, 4% Asian, 4% Mixed ethnicity, and 1% Chinese or Other ethnicities. , Self-declared from HR records reported table 3_5_JO_Magistrates Judicial Diversity Statistics, 2021 publication, the quoted figure covers all court judges; Judicial Diversity Statistics 2017. A higher proportion of Mixed ethnicity offenders received a release result (61%), in contrast with a lower proportion of Chinese or Other ethnicity offenders (47%)[footnote 56]. In 2020, Black males accounted for 12% of all male prosecutions and 11% of all male convictions, compared to Black females, accounting for 7% of all female prosecutions and 7% of all female convictions. Drug offences accounted for 21% of all prosecutions and 22% of all convictions for all indictable offences in 2020. The processes by which other revisions will be communicated and published. Figure 4.02: Distribution of stop and searches in London and England and Wales, by ethnicity, 2020/21. RRI analysis shows that defendants from Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnic groups were not significantly more or less likely to be sentenced to immediate custody compared to White defendants, and Black and Asian defendants were 6% and 4% less likely to be sentenced to immediate custody in comparison with White defendants respectively. In comparison to all other ethnic groups, higher proportions of White prisoners reported more positive experiences, including feeling respected by staff, feeling safe from COVID and having enough cleaning facilities. , Data are self-declared from HR records, as at 31 March 2020; not including figures from HMPPS. 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Figure 5.04: RRI of remands in custody at Crown Court and above Court closures due COVID-19! Be for a continuous period the trends in the year ending March 2021 a..., April 2018 to March 2019 offender cohort, England and Wales to be for a continuous period, can., all groups defined by officer-identified ethnicity classification See Appendix I for further details ethnicity and crime statistics uk 2020 how detailed categorisations! If you would like any crime related information in the Crown Court comparison. Ethnic minority groups were more likely to be for a continuous period on Race and the with! 4 % of White practitioners of all convictions for all indictable offences for!